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Unit 6

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Unit 6. GLOBAL WARMING

Part I. PHONETICS Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

  1. A. genius B. gorilla C. global D. gases
  2. A. pollution B. poaching C. physical D. pesticide
  3. A. warming B. warn C. walk D. wasn't
  4. A. floor B. flood C. moorland D. door
  5. A. increase B. release C. please D. grease Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
  6. A. campaign B. global C. balance D. carbon
  7. A. natural B. endangered C. dangerous D. habitat
  8. A. rainforest B. tropical C. discover D. animal
  9. A. pollution B. continue C. enormous D. disappear
  10. A. devastated B. environment C. diversity D. ecology Part II. VOCABULARY Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
  11. We need to cut down on the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. A. intake B. retake C. uptake D. discharge
  12. Land erosion is mainly caused by widespread deforestation. A. afforestation B. reforestation C. logging D. lawn mowing
  13. In the past, a lot of countries denied having contributed to global warming. A. agreed B. refuted C. approved D. avoided
  14. Most people admit that they contribute to global warming. A. be partly responsible for B. disapprove C. neglect D. cause
  15. We must admit that people are heavily polluting the environment. A. decline B. rebut C. deny D. accept
  16. In the polluted environment, infectious diseases can be passed easily from one person to another. A. fatal B. safe C. contagious D. immune
  17. Global warming has severe impact on water supplies. A. very good B. very bad C. normal D. long-lasting
  18. Global warming occurs when the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the heat from the sun. A. catch B. discharge C. dispose D. release
  19. Such unhygienic conditions encourage the spread of diseases. A. decline B. stability C. decrease D. increase
  20. Deforestation is one of the biggest environmental threats to the ecological balance in the world.

A. sureties B. certainties C. dangers D. safety 21. As fossil fuel resources are running out, it is important for the government to find some types of alternative energy. A. irreplaceable B. substitute C. impossible D. practical 22. Local people have cut down the forests to make way for farming. A. allow farming to take place B. lose way in farming C. have a way of farming D. give way to farming 23. Because farmers had been informed about the bad effects of chemical fertilisers, they started using them sparingly on their farms. A. carelessly B. moderately C. recklessly D. irresponsibly 24. Global warming is one of the biggest issues facing humans nowadays. A. causes B. factors C. concerns D. agreements 25. The biggest cause of global warming is carbon dioxide emissions from coal burning power plants. A. fauna B. flora C. trees D. factories 26. Global warming effects on people and nature are catastrophic. A. destructive B. constructive C. evaluative D. creative 27. Coal burning releases a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. A. discourages B. reduces C. relaxes D. discharges 28. The demand for cars is increasing rapidly in the modern world. A. need B. offer C. reply D. discovery 29. Forests absorb and capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. A. take up B. take in C. take over D. take to 30. The process of forests absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere has been disrupted by the current alarming rate of deforestation. A. discussed B. discovered C. disturbed D. distributed 31. Flood and drought are two major causes of famine. A. family B. obesity C. hygiene D. hunger 32. Water shortages are likely to delay economic growth and damage ecosystems. A. aid B. advance C. deter D. defer 33. It is important to maintain the biological diversity of the rainforests. A. similarity B. identity C. variety D. compatibility 34. We may help if we cut down on energy use by using LED lightbulbs and unplug unused electronic devices. A. reuse B. reduce C. recycle D. reproduce 35. Reusing and recycling glass, plastic, paper and other products help to reduce waste and pollution, and conserve natural resources. A. preserve B. reserve C. converse D. reverse 36. The thick layer of global warming gases keeps more heat from the sun, which leads to the increase in the earth temperature.

  1. Humans now have to suffer the effects of global warming due to having treat the environment irresponsibly. A B C D

  2. Having denied the responsibility for the environmental it caused, the factory was forced to close down. A B C D

  3. Having been warn about the relationship between climate change and the spread of infectious diseases, A B C everyone should get vaccinated. D

  4. These companies were accused on having released a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. A B C D

  5. Having deciding on the topic of the presentation, he started finding relevant information for it. A B C D

  6. Having known about the harmful affects the company had on our neighbourhood, we decided to boycott its A B C D products.

  7. Having signed an agreement to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, we were determined to help reduced A B C D global warming.

  8. Having identified the most urgent environmental problems, they start working out all possible solutions. A B C D

  9. Having spent all their saving money, they started do some odd jobs to make ends meet. A B C D

  10. Having cutting down many trees in the area, now the people here have to suffer really hot summers. A B C D

  11. Having decided to use public transport instead private transport, we were determined to reduce carbon A B C D footprints.

  12. Having cycled to work every day, I become more responsibly for the environmental issues. A B C D

  13. Having watched TV programmes about the farmers' careless use of chemical fertilisers on they crops, many A B C citizen dwellers decided to grow their own vegetables. D

  14. Having suffered water shortage in the past, we are all very economic on using water. A B C D

  15. Having change our attitude to nature, we started changing our behaviours as well. A B C D Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

  16. The president of the company officially apologised to the local residents ____ having dumped a large amount of raw sewage in the area. A. about B. with C. at D. for

  17. The factory was accused ____ having caused higher level of pollution to the environment. A. about B. on C. of D. for

  18. We all admire him ____ having changed both his attitude and behaviours towards the environmental issues. A. about B. for C. with D. at

  19. Human activities are also blamed ____ having contributed to global warming. A. for B. on C. at D. with

  20. We congratulated him ____ having invented an energy-saving device. A. for B. at C. about D. on

  21. He was criticised ____ not having put the elephant poachers in jail. A. at B. about C. for D. on

  22. His company was punished ____ not having dumped the rubbish properly. A. by B. for C. about D. because of

  23. The city mayor praised all voluntary students ____ having cleaned the playgrounds for the children. A. for B. because of C. at D. due to

  24. He thanked us ____ having contributed to cleaning the surrounding environment. A. on B. to C. with D. for

  25. He was suspected ____ having received presents from the local companies and ignored their violations of the environmental law. A. about B. on C. of D. for

  26. Even when arrested, he denied ____ cut down that tree. A. has B. having C. have D. have had

  27. Those farmers admitted ____ having used more chemical fertilisers than needed. A. on B. about C. for D. to

  28. He forgot ____ promised to cut down on the carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. A. to promise B. have C. having D. had

  29. I remembered having ____ off the lights before leaving home. A. switched B. switch C. switching D. switches

  30. He regretted not ____ registered for military service last spring. A. have B. having C. having had D. having done

  31. The local residents suspected the authorities ____ having kept the pollution level secret from the local people. A. about B. on C. of D. for

  32. He denied having polluted the environment, ____ no one believed him. A. however B. despite C. but D. in spite of

  33. Thank you for having ____ the information about global warming.

C. Air pollution causes acid rain. D. People should use public means of transport. 95. Nam: What is the biggest environmental problem facing our country? Lan: ____ A. Too much toxic sewage is dumped at sea. B. All countries face environmental problems. C. No one can help protect the environment. D. Our country is facing the biggest environmental problem. 96. Nam: Is global warming a problem in our country? Lan: ____ A. Global warming is getting more and more serious. B. Governments are closely working together to solve environmental problems. C. Global warming causes sea level to rise. D. Probably. The temperatures are getting hotter year by year in the area. 97. Nam: What causes global warming? Lan: ____ A. Changes in weather patterns resulting from global warming. B. Too much carbon dioxide being trapped in the atmosphere. C. Catastrophic consequences of global warming. D. Common global warming consequences. 98. Nam: What are the consequences of global warming? Lan: ____ A. Global warming causes many consequences. B. Consequences of global warming is catastrophic. C. Icebergs melt and low-lying areas are flooded. D. More trees are being cut down. 99. Nam: Why is global warming a problem? Lan: ____ A. People find it difficult to adapt to the changes in the weather patterns. B. Global warming can benefit people in certain areas. C. There's no need to worry about global warming. D. Global warming is a very interesting topic for presentation. 100. Nam: What are global warming gases? Lan: ____ A. Global warming gases are mainly man-made. B. Global warming gases are everywhere. C. The amount of carbon dioxide is increasing. D. Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane.

101: What can government do to punish factories that violate environmental law? Nam: ____ A. So many of them are polluting the environment. B. Yes, I think a big fine would be relevant. C. They may force those factories to close down. D. There are no factories in this region. 102. Lan : Who has to suffer global warming effects the most? Nam: ____ A. What are global warming effects? B. Maybe poor people in low-lying areas. C. All people suffer from global warming. D. Only few people benefit from global warming. 103. Lan: How can we help to fight deforestation? Nam: ____ A. We may recycle paper and buy recycled paper products. B. We may cut down trees at an alarming rate. C. We should only cut branches of big trees. D. We should set up animal ranches near forests. 104. Nam: What will happen if the low-lying areas are flooded? Lan: ____ A. Low-lying areas are often flooded. B. Flood happens when water level rises. C. Low-lying areas can never be flooded. D. People in these regions will have to face a lot of problems. 105. Lan: What do you do to help the environment? Nam: ____ A. It is the responsibility of the government. B. I try to recycle more and reduce carbon footprint. C. Everyone can protect the environment. D. Environment helps people live comfortably. Part V. READING Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME We are probably all (106) ____ at some point in our lives of not caring for the environment as much as we should. Perhaps we drop litter without thinking, or cause (107) ____ by using our cars when it's not necessary. However, the real environmental (108) ____ are those big businesses which ignore the law. For many years now, (109) ____ have attempted to protect the environment by making businesses

A. Environment pollution is real. B. Reasons why low-lying areas are flooded. C. Solutions to global warming. D. Reasons why global warming is a problem. 119. Which of the following is TRUE as the result of global warming? A. All people suffer from global warming. B. All people benefit from global warming. C. Life is more difficult for the majority of people. D. Life is easier for most people. 120. In paragraph 1, the word “this” refers to ____. A. harder life as a result of global warming B. easier life as a result of global warming C. climate change on global scale D. flood in low-lying areas 121. In paragraph 2, the word “erratic” is closest in meaning to ____. A. predictable B. unpredictable C. changeable D. unchangeable 122. According to the passage, all of the following are the results of global warming EXCEPT ____. A. higher temperature B. coastal erosion C. increasing sea level D. stable rainfall 123. What may happen to diseases and insect pests as a result of global warming? A. They will become extinct. B. They will increase in number. C. They will not harm our planet. D. They will be under good control. Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The Amazon rainforest is home to more than a third of all the world's species of plants, birds and animals. Twenty per cent of all the birds in the world live in the rainforest. Scientists have discovered thousands of types of plants and animals that can only be found there. There are thousands – probably millions more that we haven't discovered yet. There are at least 2 million species of insects there. Imagine what would happen if they all lost their home? It couldn't happen, could it? Unfortunately, it's happening right now. Yet, the rainforest is big. But it's getting smaller. The problem is that people are cutting down the trees, mainly to make room for cows. These provide meat and make money for their owners. This process of cutting down trees is called ‘deforestation'. The good news is that it is slowing down. In 2004, for example, more than 27,000 square kilometres were cut down. That's an area bigger than Wales. In 2006, because of all the campaigns to save rainforest, it dropped to just over 13,000 square kilometres. The bad news is that it's not enough. Scientists predict that by 2030, the rainforest will have become smaller by 40%. It's possible that by the end of the 21st century, the rainforest will have completely disappeared. With deforestation, thousands of the animals, birds, fish and plants that live in the Amazon rainforest lose their home, their natural habitat. Some of them move to other areas, but most of them die. Many species have already become extinct, and many more will if deforestation continues. That will change the balance of life in the rainforest and could cause enormous problems to the region's ecosystem. There's another problem too. Trees and plants are a vital source of oxygen. If we cut them down, we lose that oxygen. But it's worse than just that. With deforestation, the trees and plants are burnt. This sends gases into the Earth's atmosphere, which stops some of the Earth's heat escaping. That then leads

to the temperature here on the ground going up. This increase in the world's temperature is called 'global warming', and most scientists believe it's a very serious issue. If they stopped deforestation, it might help prevent global warming. 124. Which title best summarises the main idea of the passage? A. Chances for owners of cow ranches B. Threats to Amazon rainforest C. Global warming effects D. Habitat destruction 125. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. A fifth of all the birds in the world live in the rainforest. B. 20% of all the animals in the world live in the rainforest. C. Nearly two million species of insects are found in the Amazon rainforest. D. Nearly half of the world's species of plants grow there. 126. In paragraph 1, the word "room” is closest in meaning to ____. A. chamber B. flat C. area D. studio 127. In paragraph 2, the word "it” refers to ____. A. room B. process C. rainforest D. deforestation 128. According the passage, which of the following is TRUE about Amazon rainforest? A. It has become smaller by 40%. B. The deforestation is decreasing. C. 25% of animal species are extinct now. D. The deforestation is under control. 129. In paragraph 2, the word “enormous” is closest in meaning to ____. A. serious B. important C. common D. insignificant 130. What might help to restrain global warming? A. increasing deforestation B. stabilising deforestation C. ceasing cutting down trees D. clearing more trees for farming Part VI. WRITING Exercise 11. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 131. Having seen people suffer global warming consequences, we decided to reduce carbon footprints. A. We decided to reduce carbon footprints before seeing people suffer global warming consequences. B. We saw people suffer global warming consequences after we decided to reduce carbon footprints. C. We decided to cut down on carbon footprints after we saw people suffer global warming consequences. D. We decided to cut down on carbon footprints before we saw people suffer global warming consequences. 132. Climate change leads to numerous catastrophic consequences. A. Numerous catastrophic consequences result in climate change. B. Numerous catastrophic consequences result from climate change. C. Climate change results from numerous catastrophic consequences. D. Numerous catastrophic consequences cause climate change.

  1. Some scientists have distorted the effects of climate change. They were accused of that. A. Some scientists were accused of having falsify the effects of climate change. B. Some scientists were accused of having been honest about the effects of climate change. C. Although some scientists have distorted the effects of climate change, they were not accused. D. Some scientists were accused of having falsified the effects of climate change.